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}} General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, Duke of Gallese ((:ɡabriˈɛːle danˈnuntsjo); 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes spelled d'Annunzio,〔As he used to sign himself (Guglielmo Gatti, ''Vita di Gabriele d'Annunzio'', Firenze, 1956, pp. 1–2).〕 was an Italian writer, poet, journalist, playwright and soldier during World War I. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and after that political life from 1914 to 1924. He was often referred to under the epithets ''Il Vate'' ("the Poet")〔The Italian ''vate'' directly stems from Latin ''vates''. Its meaning is a poet with special emphasis on prophetic, inspiring or even divining qualities.〕 or ''Il Profeta'' ("the Prophet"). D'Annunzio was associated with the Decadent movement in his literary works, which interplayed closely with French Symbolism and British Aestheticism. Such works represented a turn against the naturalism of the preceding romantics and was both sensuous and mystical. He came under the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche which would find outlets in his literary and later political contributions. His affairs with several women, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention. During the First World War, perception of D'Annunzio in Italy would be transformed from literary figure into a national war hero. He was associated with the elite ''Arditi'' storm troops of the Italian Army and took part in actions such as the Flight over Vienna. As part of an Italian nationalist reaction against the Paris Peace Conference, he set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume with himself as ''Duce''. The constitution made "music" the fundamental principle of the state and was corporatist in nature. Some of the ideas and aesthetics influenced Italian fascism and the style of Benito Mussolini. ==Childhood== He was born in Pescara, Abruzzo, the son of a wealthy landowner and mayor of the town Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta d'Annunzio (1831–1893). His father had originally been born plain Rapagnetta (the name of his single mother), but at the age of 13 had been adopted by a childless rich uncle Antonio d'Annunzio.〔Joseph Guerin Fucilla, Joseph Médard Carrière ''D'Annunzio abroad: a bibliographical essay'' Volume 2, page 29 1935 "(Translation of the birth certificate of d'Annunzio's father, Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta, of the legal act recognizing the latter's adoption by his uncle Antonio d'Annunzio, and the birth certificate of Gabriele d'Annunzio)."〕〔André Geiger Gabriele d'Annunzio, 1918, page 142: "Après la légitimation, et conformément à la loi, il perdit ce nom de Rapagnetta pour prendre le seul nom du père qui l'avait légitimé. Il est probable que le Camillo Rapagnetta, qui figure dans- l'acte de naissance du poète, était un parent, ..."〕 Legend has it that he was initially baptized Gaetano and given the name of Gabriele later in childhood, because of his angelic looks.〔Adrian Room, ''Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins'' (2010), (p. 132 )〕 However there is wide documentation to disprove this story.〔For the urban legend: Cfr. A. Rapagnetta, ''La vera origine familiare e il vero cognome del poeta abruzzese Gabriele D'Annunzio'', Carabba, Lanciano, 1938; online sources on the real birthname of "Gabriele D'Annunzio": () and ()〕 His precocious talent was recognised early in life, and he was sent to school at the Liceo Cicognini in Prato, Tuscany. He published his first poetry while still at school at the age of sixteen with a small volume of verses called ''Primo Vere'' (1879), influenced by Giosuè Carducci's ''Odi barbare'', in which, side by side with some almost brutal imitations of Lorenzo Stecchetti, the fashionable poet of ''Postuma'', were some translations from the Latin, distinguished by such agile grace that Giuseppe Chiarini on reading them brought the unknown youth before the public in an enthusiastic article. In 1881 D'Annunzio entered the University of Rome La Sapienza, where he became a member of various literary groups, including ''Cronaca Bizantina'' and wrote articles and criticism for local newspapers. In those university years he started to promote Italian irredentism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gabriele D'Annunzio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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